चाणक्य नीति छठवां अध्याय :-chanakya niti chapter 6.
श्रुत्वा धर्मं विजानाति श्रुत्वा त्यजति दुर्मतिम् ।
श्रुत्वा ज्ञानमवाप्नोति श्रुत्वा मोक्षमवाप्नुयात् ।।१।।
Meaning– By means of hearing one understands dharma, malignity vanishes, knowledge is acquired, and liberation from material bondage is gained.
मुनीनां पापी चाण्डालः सर्वचाण्डालनिन्दकः ।।२।।
Meaning– Among birds the crow is vile; among beasts the dog; the ascetic whose sins is abominable, but he who blasphemes others is the worst chandala.
रजसा शुध्यते नारि नदी वेगेन शुध्यति ।।३।।
Meaning– Brass is polished by ashes; copper is cleaned by tamarind; a woman, by her menses; and a river by its flow.
भ्रमन्संपूज्यते योगी स्त्री भ्रमन्ती विनश्यति ।।४।।
Meaning– The king, the brahmana, and the ascetic yogi who go abroad are respected; but the woman who wanders is utterly ruined.
यस्याथाः स पुमांल्लोके यस्यार्थाः सच पण्डितः ।।५।।
Meaning– He who has wealth has friends. He who is wealthy has relatives. The rich one alone is called a man, and the affluent alone are respected as pandits.
सहायास्तादृशा एव यादृशी भवितव्यता ।।६।।
Meaning– As is the desire of Providence, so functions one’s intellect; one’s activities are also controlled by Providence; and by the will of Providence one is surrounded by helpers.
कालः सुप्तेषु जागर्ति कालो हि दुरतिक्रमः ।।७।।
Meaning– Time perfects all living beings as well as kills them; it alone is awake when all others are asleep. Time is insurmountable.
मदोन्मत्ता न पश्यन्ति अर्थी दोषं न पश्यति ।।८।।
Meaning– Those born blind cannot see; similarly blind are those in the grip of lust. Proud men have no perception of evil; and those bent on acquiring riches see no sin in their actions.
स्वयं भ्रमति संसारे स्वयं तस्माद्विमुच्यते ।।९।।
Meaning– The spirit soul goes through his own course of karma and he himself suffers the good and bad results thereby accrued. By his own actions he entangles himself in samsara, and by his own efforts he extricates himself.
भर्ता च स्त्रीकृतं पापं शिष्यपापं गुरुस्तथा ।।१०।।
Meaning– The king is obliged to accept the sins of his subjects; the purohit (priest) suffers for those of the king; a husband suffers for those of his wife; and the guru suffers for those of his pupils.
भार्या रूपवती शत्रुः पुत्रः शत्रुरपण्डितः ।।११।।
Meaning– A father who is a chronic debtor, an adulterous mother, a beautiful wife, and an unlearned son are enemies ( in one’s own home).
मूर्खं छन्दानुवृत्या च यथार्थत्वेन पण्डितम् ।।१२।।
Meaning– Conciliate a covetous man by means of a gift, an obstinate man with folded hands in salutation, a fool by humouring him, and a learned man by truthful words.
वरं न मित्रं न कुमित्रमित्रम् ।वरं न शिष्यो न कुशिष्यशिष्यो
वरं न दारा न कुदारदाराः ।।१३।।
Meaning– It is better to be without a kingdom than to rule over a petty one; better to be without a friend than to befriend a rascal; better to be without a disciple than to have a stupid one; and better to be without a wife than to have a bad one.
कुमित्रमित्रेण कुतोऽभिनिर्वृतिः ।
कुदारदारैश्च कुतो गृहे रतिः
कुशिष्यमध्यापयतः कुतो यशः ।।१४।।
Meaning– How can people be made happy in a petty kingdom? What peace can we expect from a rascal friend? What happiness can we have at home in the company of a bad wife? How can renown be gained by instructing an unworthy disciple?
वायसात्पञ्च शिक्षेच्चष्ट् शुनस्त्रीणिगर्दभात् ।।१५।।
Meaning– Learn one thing from a lion; one from a crane; four a cock; five from a crow; six from a dog; and three from an ass.
सर्वारम्भेण तत्कार्यं सिंहादेकं प्रचक्षते ।।१६।।
Meaning– The one excellent thing that can be learned from a lion is that whatever a man intends doing should be done by him with a whole-hearted and strenuous effort.
देशकालबलं ज्ञात्वा सर्वकार्याणि साधयेत् ।।१७।।
Meaning– The wise man should restrain his senses like the crane and accomplish his purpose with due knowledge of his place, time and ability.
स्वयमाक्रम्यभुक्तञ्चशिक्षेच्चत्वारिकुक्कुटात् ।।१८।।
१. सही समय पर उठे.
२. नीडर बने और लढ़े.
३. संपत्ति का रिश्तेदारों से उचित बटवारा करे.
४. अपने कष्ट से अपना रोजगार प्राप्त करे.
Meaning– To wake at the proper time; to take a bold stand and fight; to make a fair division (of property) among relations; and to earn one’s own bread by personal exertion are the four excellent things to be learned from a cock.
अप्रमत्तमविश्वासं पञ्च शिक्षेच्च वायसात् ।।१९।।
१. अपनी पत्नी के साथ एकांत में प्रणय करे.
२. नीडरता
३. उपयोगी वस्तुओ का संचय करे.
४. सभी ओर दृष्टी घुमाये.
५. दुसरो पर आसानी से विश्वास ना करे.
Meaning– Union in privacy (with one’s wife); boldness; storing away useful items; watchfulness; and not easily trusting others; these five things are to be learned from a crow.
स्वामिभक्तश्च शूरश्च षडेतो श्वानतोगुणाः ।।२०।।
१. बहुत भूख हो पर खाने को कुछ ना मिले या कम मिले तो भी संतोष करे.
२. गाढ़ी नींद में हो तो भी क्षण में उठ जाए.
३. अपने स्वामी के प्रति बेहिचक इमानदारी रखे
४. नीडरता.
Meaning– Contentment with little or nothing to eat although one may have a great appetite; to awaken instantly although one may be in a deep slumber; unflinching devotion to the master; and bravery; these six qualities should be learned from the dog.
सन्तुष्टश्चरते नित्यं त्रीणि शिक्षेच्च गर्दभात् ।।२१।।
१. अपना बोझा ढोना ना छोड़े.
२. सर्दी गर्मी की चिंता ना करे.
३. सदा संतुष्ट रहे.
Meaning– Although an ass is tired, he continues to carry his burden; he is unmindful of cold and heat; and he is always contented; these three things should be learned from the ass.
कार्यावस्थासु सर्वासु अजेयः स भविष्यति ।।२२।।
Meaning– He who shall practice these twenty virtues shall become invincible in all his undertakings.
(चाणक्य नीति छठवां अध्याय समाप्त)