चाणक्य नीति बारहवां अध्याय:-Chanakya Niti chapter 12.
सानन्दं सदनं सुतास्तु सधियः कांता प्रियालापिनी इच्छापूर्तिधनं स्वयोषितिरतिः स्वाज्ञापराः सेवकाः ।
आतिथ्यं शिवपूजनं प्रतिदिनं मिष्टान्नपानं गृहे साधोः सुड्गमुपासते च सततं धन्यो गृहस्थाश्रमः ।।१।।
Meaning– He is a blessed grhasta (householder) in whose house there is a blissful atmosphere, whose sons are talented, whose wife speaks sweetly, whose wealth is enough to satisfy his desires, who finds pleasure in the company of his wife, whose servants are obedient, in whose house hospitality is shown, the auspicious Supreme Lord is worshiped daily, delicious food and drink is partaken, and who finds joy in the company of devotees.
अनन्तपारं समुपैति दानम् यद्दीयते तन्न लभेद् द्विजेभ्यः ।।२।।
Meaning– One who devotedly gives a little to a brahmana who is in distress is recompensed abundantly. Hence, O Prince, what is given to a good brahmana is got back not in an equal quantity, but in an infinitely higher degree.
प्रीतिःसाधुजने स्मयः खलजने विद्वज्जने चार्जवम् ।
शौर्यं शत्रुजने क्षमा गुरुजने नारीजने धूर्तता
इत्थं ये पुरुषा कलासु कुशलास्तेष्वे लोकस्थितिः ।।३।।
Meaning– Those men who are happy in this world, who are generous towards their relatives, kind to strangers, indifferent to the wicked, loving to the good, shrewd in their dealings with the base, frank with the learned, courageous with enemies, humble with elders and stern with the wife.
नेत्रे साधुविलोकनेन रहिते पादौ न तीर्थं गतौ ।।
अन्यायार्जितवित्त पूर्णमुदरं गर्वेण तुड्गं शिरो ।
रे रे जंबुक मुञ्चमुञ्च सहसा नीचं सुनिन्द्यं वपुः ।।४।।
Meaning– O jackal, leave aside the body of that man at once, whose hands have never given in charity, whose ears have not heard the voice of learning, whose eyes have not beheld a pure devotee of the Lord, whose feet have never traversed to holy places, whose belly is filled with things obtained by crooked practices, and whose head is held high in vanity. Do not eat it, O jackal, otherwise you will become polluted.
येषामाभीरकन्याप्रियगुणकथने नानुरक्ता रसज्ञा ।
येषां श्रीकृष्णलीलाललितरसकथा सादरौनैव कर्णौ
धिक्तांधिक्तांधिगेतांकथ यति सततं कीर्तनस्थोमॄदंगः ।।५।।
Meaning– “Shame upon those who have no devotion to the lotus feet of Sri Krishna, the son of mother Yasoda; who have no attachment for the describing the glories of Srimati Radharani; whose ears are not eager to listen to the stories of the Lord’s lila.” Such is the exclamation of the mrdanga sound of dhik-tam dhik-tam dhigatam at kirtana.
नोलूकोऽप्यवलोकते यदि दिवा सूर्यस्य किं दूषणं ।
वर्षा नैव पतन्ति चातकमुखे मेघस्य किं दूषणं
यत्पूर्व विधिना ललाटलिखितं तन्मार्जितुं कः क्षमः ।।६।।
Meaning– What fault of spring that the bamboo shoot has no leaves? What fault of the sun if the owl cannot see during the daytime? Is it the fault of the clouds if no raindrops fall into the mouth of the chatak bird? Who can erase what Lord Brahma has inscribed upon our foreheads at the time of birth?
साधूनां न हि खलसंगतेः खलत्वम् ।।
आमोदं कुसुमभवं मृदेव धत्ते
मृदगन्धं नहि कुसुमानि धारयन्ति ।।७।।
Meaning– A wicked man may develop saintly qualities in the company of a devotee, but a devotee does not become impious in the company of a wicked person. The earth is scented by a flower that falls upon it, but the flower does not contact the odour of the earth.
कालेन फलते तीर्थं सद्यः साधुसमागमः ।।८।।
Meaning– One indeed becomes blessed by having darshan of a devotee; for the devotee has the ability to purify immediately, whereas the sacred tirtha gives purity only after prolonged contact.
को दाता रजको ददाति वसनं प्रातर्गृ हीत्वा निशि ।
को दक्षः परवित्तदारहरणे सर्वोऽपि दक्षो जनः
कस्माज्जीवसि हे सखे विष कृमिन्यायेन जीवाम्यहम् ।।९।।
Meaning– A stranger asked a brahmana, “Tell me, who is great in this city?” The brahmana replied, “The cluster of palmyra trees is great.” Then the traveller asked, “Who is the most charitable person?” The brahmana answered, “The washerman who takes the clothes in the morning and gives them back in the evening is the most charitable.” He then asked, “Who is the ablest man?” The brahmana answered, “Everyone is expert in robbing others of their wives and wealth.” The man then asked the brahmana, “How do you manage to live in such a city?” The brahmana replied, “As a worm survives while even in a filthy place so do I survive here!”
स्वाहास्वधाकारविवर्जितानि श्मशानतुल्यानिगृहाणि तानि ।।१०।।
Meaning– The house in which the lotus feet of brahmanas are not washed, in which Vedic mantras are not loudly recited, and in which the holy rites of svaha (sacrificial offerings to the Supreme Lord) and swadha (offerings to the ancestors) are not performed, is like a crematorium.
शांतिः पत्नी क्षमा पुत्रः षडेते ममबान्धवाः ।।११।।
Meaning– (It is said that a sadhu, when asked about his family, replied thusly): truth is my mother, and my father is spiritual knowledge; righteous conduct is my brother, and mercy is my friend, inner peace is my wife, and forgiveness is my son: these six are my kinsmen.
नित्यं सन्निहितो मृत्युः कर्तव्यो धर्मसंग्रहः ।।१२।।
Meaning– Our bodies are perishable, wealth is not at all permanent and death is always nearby. Therefore we must immediately engage in acts of merit.
निमन्त्रणोत्सवा विप्रा गावो नवतृणोत्सवाः ।पत्युत्साहयुता भार्या अहं कृष्ण ! रणोत्सवः ।।१३।।
Meaning– Arjuna says to Krishna. “Brahmanas find joy in going to feasts, cows find joy in eating their tender grass, wives find joy in the company of their husbands, and know, O Krishna, that in the same way I rejoice in battle.
आत्मवत्सर्वभूतानि यः पश्यति स पंडितः ।।१४।।
Meaning– He who regards another’s wife as his mother, the wealth that does not belong to him as a lump of mud, and the pleasure and pain of all other living beings as his own — truly sees things in the right perspective, and he is a true pandit.
मित्रेऽवंचकता गुरौ विनयता चित्तेऽतिगम्भीरता ।
आचारे शुचिता गुणे रसिकता शास्त्रेषु विज्ञातृता
रूपे सुन्दरता शिवे भजनता त्वय्यस्तिभी राघवः ।।१५।।
१. सद्गुणों में प्रीती.
२. मीठे वचन
३. दान देने की तीव्र इच्छा शक्ति.
४. मित्रो के साथ कपट रहित व्यवहार.
५. गुरु की उपस्थिति में विनम्रता
६. मन की गहरी शान्ति.
६. शुद्ध आचरण
७. गुणों की परख
८. शास्त्र के ज्ञान की अनुभूति
८. रूप की सुन्दरता
९. भगवत भक्ति.
Meaning– O Raghava, the love of virtue, pleasing speech, and an ardent desire for performing acts of charity, guileless dealings with friends, humility in the guru’s presence , deep tranquillity of mind, pure conduct, discernment of virtues, realised knowledge of the sastras, beauty of form and devotion to God are all found in you.” (The great sage Vasistha Muni, the spiritual preceptor of the dynasty of the sun, said this to Lord Ramachandra at the time of His proposed coronation).
सूर्यस्तीव्रकरः शशीक्षयकरः क्षारोहि वारां निधिः ।
कामो नष्टतनुर्बलिदितिसुतो नित्यं पशुः कामगाः
नैस्तांस्ते तुलयामि भो रघुपते कस्योपमादीयते ।।१६।।
Meaning– The desire tree is wood; the golden Mount Meru is motionless; the wish-fulfilling gem cintamani is just a stone; the sun is scorching; the moon is prone to wane; the boundless ocean is saline; the demigod of lust lost his body (due to Shiva’s wrath); Bali Maharaja, the son of Diti, was born into a clan of demons; and Kamadhenu (the cow of heaven) is a mere beast. O Lord of the Raghu dynasty! I cannot compare you to any one of these (taking their merits into account).
व्याधिस्तस्यौषधं मित्रं धर्मा मित्रं मृतस्य च ।।१७।।
Meaning– Realised learning (vidya) is our friend while travelling , the wife is a friend at home, medicine is the friend of a sick man, and meritorious deeds are the friends at death.
अनृतं द्यूतकारेभ्यः स्त्रीभ्यः शिक्षेत कैतवम् ।।१८।।
Meaning– Courtesy should be learned from princes, the art of conversation from pandits, lying should be learned from gamblers and deceitful ways should be learned from women.
आर्तः स्त्रीसर्वक्षेत्रेषु नरः शीघ्र विनश्यति ।।१९।।
Meaning– The unthinking spender, the homeless urchin, the quarrel monger, the man who neglects his wife and is heedless in his actions — all these will soon come to ruination.
आहारो हि मनुष्याणां जन्मना सह जायते ।।२०।।
Meaning– The wise man should not be anxious about his food; he should be anxious to be engaged only in dharma (Krishna consciousness). the food of each man is created for him at his birth.
आहारे व्यवहारे च त्यक्तलज्जः सुखीभवेत् ।।२१।।
Meaning– He who is not shy in the acquisition of wealth, grain and knowledge, and in taking his meals, will be happy.
स हेतु सर्वविद्यानां धर्मस्य च धनस्य च ।।२२।।
Meaning– As centesimal droppings will fill a pot so also are knowledge, virtue and wealth gradually obtained.
सम्पक्वमपि माधुर्यं नापयातीन्द्रवारुणम् ।।२३।।
(चाणक्य नीति बारहवां अध्याय)